Background & Objective: Investigating the stability and compatibility of a genotype in different environmental conditions in order to introduce it for planting in specific and known environmental conditions in multi-breeding programs is one of the basic needs and to achieve sustainable production in order to achieve sustainable self-sufficiency in It is necessary to produce strategic products, especially wheat.Methods & Materials: In the present study, in order to investigate the stability and identify high-yielding and compatible genotypes, the yield of 32 LINES of RECOMBINANT INBRED from the crossing of two cultivars Roshan and Superhead in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in six The region (Tabriz, Ahar, Ardabil, Faghan, Shabestar and Urmia) were investigated for two years. Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the locations in terms of performance. Also, the difference between genotypes, as well as the interaction effect of genotype × year, genotype × location, and the interaction effect of genotype × year × location were significant, which indicated the difference between the performance of genotypes in different environments, which indicated the necessity of stability analysis.Conclusion: According to the relative alignment of the results obtained from different methods, it can be stated that in this research, LINES 10, 12, 31 and the Roshan variety were recognized as the most stable genotypes and line 51 as the most unstable line and It was recognized as special for unfavorable areas.

To identify drought tolerant LINES among 168 RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES derived from a cross between Hindi variety of L3685 (high yielding, erect type and early growth) as female parent and Iranian variety of Qazvin (with prostrate growth and late growth) as male parent, two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions at the experimental Field of Shahrekord University in 2013. Results of combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among LINES under study in both experimental conditions in terms of grain yield (P£0.01). Significant interaction of line×conditions revealed that LINES responded differently to drought stress based on grain yield. Results also indicates that LINES 160, 125 and 129 were promising LINES under both conditions in terms of grain yield. Positive and significant correlation between tolerance indices and grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions indicated that the STI, MP, HARM and GMP indices may identify promising from non promising LINES. Based on the above criteria, LINES 160, 125, 48, 103 and 129 were recognized as drought tolerant LINES. According to the results of principal components analysis, the first and second components determined 97.8% of the total variations among genotypes under study for drought resistance indices. The distribution of LINES in the biplot showed genetic variations to the drought stress and thus LINES 160, 125, 48, 129 and 103 were identified as high yielders under drought stress condition.

response of 8 bread wheat RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES along with their parental cultivars (Roshan and Super Head) to water deficit was evaluated in a split plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications under three irrigation levels (80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation from the pan) at the agriculture research station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2009. Univariate analysis of variance revealed significant difference among LINES with respect to all the traits studied. Significant difference was observed among irrigation levels for grain yield and thousand-grain weight. Line×stress interaction was significant for harvest index and number of fertile and non-fertile tiller. Roshan cultivar produced highest grain yield. In the factor analysis, the first three factors explained 86.95% of total variation. The two first factors were named as growth and grain yield factors, respectively. Cluster analysis, using WARD algorithm, based on all the traits grouped the LINES into two cultivars. Grouping was confirmed by Discriminant analysis.

To evaluate response of bread wheat RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES to water deficit, a split plot experiment arranged in randomized complete block design (CRBD) was conducted using eight RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES and their parental cultivars (Roshan and Super Head) with three replications under three irrigation levels (80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) at the Agriculture Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch during 2009. The results of analysis of variance data collected revealed significant difference among LINES and irrigation levels for grain yield. While line × irrigation level interaction was non significant for grain yield. Based on SSI and TOL, drought tolerance indices LINES number 1, 7, 41 and Roshan cultivar under 120 mm evaporation, and LINES number 7 and 19 under 160 mm evaporation were the tolerant LINES. Under both stress conditions according to STI, MP and GMP indices, LINES number 37, 38 and Roshan cultivar were recognized as the tolerant LINES to water deficiet. Cluster analyses based on grain yield and drought tolerance indices recognized the LINES number 1, 30, 32, 37, 38, 41 and Roshan cultivar under 120 mm and LINES number 30, 37 and 38 and Roshan under 160 mm evaporation as the most drought tolerants and higher producers.

Iran is one of arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Wheat as a strategic agricultural products faces water deficiency in most areas of the country. Therefore, identification of the resistant varieties to drought stress is one of main aims for breeders. To assess effect of drought stress at heading on 72 spring wheat RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES derived from American Yecora Rojo (high yielder, dwarf and early maturity) as paternal parent and Iranian No. 49 line (tall and late maturiting) as maternal parent cross were studied. The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the University of Tabriz using a randomized complete block design with two replications during 2009 growing season. Based on the results from combined analysis of variance significant difference was observed among LINES for all of traits studied, except for harvest index, grain number per spike and days to heading. There was significant difference between normal and drought stress conditions. Since the interaction between line and conditions was insignificant for all traits, it does therefore, provide the possibility of comparing the LINES without regard to irrigation levels. Based on the means of, the traits it was found that the LINES 96, 122, 123 and 155 were superior. MP, GMP and STI indices were recognized to be suitable indices to identify superior LINES. With respect to these indices, LINES 96, 122, 123, 138, 149 and 155 were found superior as compared with remaining LINES. Based on stepwise regression analysis of grain yield with other traits, respectively grain number per spike, number of spikes/m2 and 1000 kernel weight were inserted into final model as effective variables on grain yield, which made 81/9 percent of the grain yield variation. Path analysis of grain yield and related traits, based on stepwise regression, demonstrated the significant positive direct effect for grain number per spike, number of spikes/m2 and 1000 kernel weight on grain yield. Cluster analysis, also showed that, LINES under study were grouped into two clusters; superior LINES for studied traits assigned to group one.

Objective: Wheat is the most important crop in Iran. Self sufficiency in wheat production is one of the economic and food safety policies in the country. In spite of the efforts which have been made in this area, the mean of wheat yield in Iran is less than its world average.Methods: In order to identifying of the high yielding wheat LINES with optimal characteristics and to determine the traits which could be used as the selection index for increasing of grain yield, 40 RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES derived from a cross between Norstar and Zagros cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Results: Significant differences were observed among the LINES for all of studied traits, except the spike weight, flag leaf area and the straw yield. Higher genetic diversity was observed among the INBRED LINES with respect to the kernel per spike, the number of spikes, the biomass and the straw yield. The Peduncle weight, second internode weight, number of kernels per spike per spike, number of the spikes and 1000 kernel weight traits showed a high degree of heritability. The highest genetic gain was estimated for the peduncle weight, the second internode weight and number of kernel per spike. Correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses revealed the number of kernels per spike and the number of spikes in plot had highest direct effects on grain yield. The analyses were carried out using WARD algorithm and standardized data. Cluster analysis based on all traits assigned the LINES into groups.

To study the genetic diversity and grouping of rice RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES (RILs), 144 RILs derived from a cross between two Iranian rice varieties, Nemat and Hashemi, were evaluated in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, in two crop seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was carried out based on augmented design with four varieties (two parents, Hashemi and Nemat, and two other varieties, Ali Kazemi and Khazar) as control treatments in randomize complete block design with three replications. The results of data analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference among rice genotypes for all studied traits. The highest coefficient of variation in both years was observed for panicle exertion and grain yield, respectively, and the lowest for milling ratio. Comparison of means showed that some LINES were superior to others in terms of yield and other important agronomic traits. Cluster analysis based on the average of two years data grouped the studied genotypes into four clusters. The results of principal component analysis showed that five independent principal components explained about 82% of the total variation and the related two dimensional plot also classified the studied genotypes into three groupes. According to the results of comparison of means, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the RILs 157, 113, 114, 142 and 130 with the highest grain yield and the lowest early maturity were selected as the superior LINES in this study and can be used to introduce cultivar and/or hybrid production in future breeding programs.

Osmotic stress (such as drought stress) is a serious limiting factor to rice production and yield stability in worldwide. In order to locate the QTL associated with tolerance to osmotic stresses in germination stage and determine the contribution of each QTL on the phenotypic variation caused 96 LINES of F8 Anbarboo ´ Sepeedrud (tolerant and sensitive to drought stress in germination stage, respectively) an experiment was conducted at Gonbad Kavous university in 2011-2013. For construction of genetic linkage map, 365 SSR marker and 32 primer combination were evaluated. 136 polymorphic SSR markers and 21 primer combination were used for providing of linkage map. Germination components including root length, shoot, coleoptile and the percentage of seed germination was recorded for 100 seed of each line in the osmotic stress resulting from sucrose, sorbitol and mannitol. For root length in all three stress conditions was found a QTL on chromosome 4 that had positive effect in all cases. Among the identified QTL, qSUC-5 (QTL for coleoptile length under sucrose stress) on chromosome 5, qSUR-2 (QTL for radicle length under sucrose stress) on chromosome 2 and qSUR-4 (QTL for radicle length under sucrose stress) on chromosome 4, respectively, 23, 23 and 26% of phenotypic variation for coleoptile and root length were justified in terms of osmotic stress. This QTL explained that due to the high percentage of candidates for marker-assisted selection programs RECOMBINANT line population of Iranian rice.

Study of physiological responses of RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES (RlLs) to drought stress could help to understand the drought tolerance mechanisms. For this reason a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of drought stress on chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, peduncle length and plant height using 169 RILs, in two separate simple lattice design with four replications using two moisture regime of normal and water deficit stress, Irrigation regimes were performed based on Class A-pan of 70 and 130 mm evaporation from Class -A -pan and moisture content of soil in effected root depth. The RILs were obtained by crossing between a tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivar. The result of analysis of variance showed a significant difference among Rll.s. Drought stress caused a decrease in the chlorophyll content, leaf width, leaf length, peduncle length, leaf area but an increase in the proline content. Although drought stress increased the proline content and decreased the peduncle length and leaf area in both tolerant and sensitive line groups, these decLINES in tolerant LINES were lower than sensitive LINES. Therefore, it may be possible to use the physiological traits comprising proline amino acid content, peduncle length and leaf area as a selection tool for selecting drought tolerant LINES in bread wheat.

Rice is one the most important crops in Iran and worldwide. Abiotic stresses including cold, restrict rice production. In order to saturation of linkage map in RECOMBINANT LINES population caused by Sepidroud × Anbarbou crosses, an experiment was conducted using 96 RECOMBINANT LINES and 40 ISSR markers at Gonbad Kavous University. 96 RECOMBINANT LINES were plant under hydroponic conditions for mapping of traits related to cold stress. Shoot weight, root weight, biomass, genetic score, leaf area, shoot length, root length and root thickness were recorded. Linkage map covered 1709. 29 cM of rice genome. Six QTLs mapped in cold stress. qCLA-5 had the highest effects on leaf area with LOD=3. 206 and explained 14. 3 percent of phenotypic variation. The results of present work can be used for improvement of cold tolerance in rice seedlings after determining marker validation.